对雅鲁藏布江结合带形成演化的再探讨     

张鑫全  张振利  王金贵  王硕  杨鑫朋  专少鹏  侯德华  张泽国  张立国  程洲 《中国地质》2020,47(4):944-970

通过1∶5万区域地质调查和收集相关资料的综合研究,本文对雅鲁藏布江结合带的形成演化作了进一步的探讨。雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋具有弧后扩张洋盆的性质,在早三叠世至中三叠世中期洋盆初步形成,中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世洋盆全面形成,从早侏罗世至晚白垩世洋盆逐步萎缩,到古新世至始新世关闭。南带的蛇绿岩主要为洋中脊扩张型(MORB型),形成于中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世。北带的蛇绿岩主要为与洋内俯冲相关的俯冲带上盘型(SSZ型),形成于早中侏罗世。带内侏罗纪至白垩纪其他岩浆岩主要为前弧玄武岩类(FAB型)。显示雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋从早侏罗世开始发生了洋内俯冲,并同步向北向冈底斯带之下主动俯冲消减和向南向喜马拉雅地块之下被动俯冲消减,持续发展到晚白垩世,在古新世至始新世俯冲碰撞消亡转化为结合带。  相似文献   

闽中南平—宁化构造带南华纪陆缘弧岩浆活动：对武夷造山带构造演化的新启示     

姜杨  赵希林  李龙明  潘桂棠  徐敏成  黄文成  刘欢 《中国地质》2020,47(4):1010-1024

南平—宁化构造带沿线出露着以万全岩群和楼前组、西溪组等为代表的一系列新元古代火山-沉积岩系。系统的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究表明,福建明溪和江西瑞金地区的楼前组浅变质英安岩和晶屑凝灰岩分别形成于(729±4)Ma和(735±6.7)Ma(LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法),SiO2含量变化在65.22%～74.54%,相对富Al2O3(11.05%～16.80%)富碱(Na2O+K2O=4.88%～10.19%)而贫CaO、MgO和FeOT,ANK值和A/CNK值分别为1.23～1.78和0.98～1.57,Nb/Ta=12.44～17.28,Nd/Th=2.07～3.51,Ti/Zr=6.08～10.37,Ti/Y=68.51～154.71,属过铝质S型火山岩;明显富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Rb等)而亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P等),Zr/Nb=16.65～24.07,Th/Ta=12.94～16.93,δEu呈现明显负异常(0.33～0.62),显示岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。综合区域地质资料及前人研究结果提出,南平—宁化一线在713 Ma前为活动大陆边缘环境,洋壳俯冲引发的岩浆活动形成了沿南平—宁化—瑞金一线展布的陆缘弧中酸性火山岩带,暗示此时南、北武夷之间尚未拼合形成统一的武夷地块,因而华夏地块不存在统一的前南华纪结晶基底。  相似文献   

考虑尺寸效应的近海桥梁天然橡胶隔震支座力学性能老化时变规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

李艳敏  马玉宏  赵桂峰 《世界地震工程》2020,(4):169-177

目前天然橡胶支座（NRB）的性能研究大多未考虑尺寸效应，在前期开展的近海桥梁隔震支座和材料老化时变规律研究的基础上，同时考虑支座直径尺寸变化和老化作用时间的影响对NRB的性能进行研究。首先采用ABAQUS有限元软件对不同直径尺寸NRB的性能进行分析，得到了NRB性能随直径尺寸的变化规律；然后结合前期老化作用对NRB及其橡胶材料性能时变规律的影响研究成果，分析了直径尺寸及老化作用时间共同作用下，NRB性能的变化规律，并通过ABAQUS有限元分析，验证了该变化规律的准确性。结果表明:NRB的水平刚度和竖向刚度均随其直径尺寸的增大呈正比例增大趋势；NRB水平刚度比和竖向刚度比均随老化作用时间的增长呈线性增大趋势；且直径为150mm的NRB在实际环境老化60a后，其水平刚度和竖向刚度的增长幅度分别为:30.8%和16.41%，由此可见老化作用时间对NRB水平刚度的影响较显著，对其竖向刚度的影响较小。研究内容可为隔震桥梁结构中支座缩尺模型试验的相关设计提供参考，并为将实验室缩尺橡胶隔震支座的相关成果较好地应用于实际工程计算及设计中提供依据。  相似文献   

深海海底光缆敷设施工余量控制的原理和控制软件的应用          下载免费PDF全文

江伟  邵振宇  栗之炜 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(8):90-94

为解决深海有中继海底光缆项目技术难题,中国海底电缆建设有限公司开发了海底光缆敷设施工控制软件,填补我国相关领域的空白。文章介绍海底光缆敷设施工余量控制的原理和控制软件的操作流程:海底光缆余量包括区域余量、底部余量和释放余量,余量控制是海底光缆敷设施工中最关键的核心技术环节,应用控制软件可极大地降低计算量和提高计算精确度,并可通过在施工中不断调整计划,从而极大地提高施工质量,具有传统人工计算不可比拟的优势。  相似文献   

跨海大桥建设对胶州湾北部冬季结冰现象的影响     

石晓雨  张日东  张文静  张可玟 《海洋通报》2018,(6):633-642

本文利用台站观测、卫星遥感以及专项调查等多种数据,综合分析了近年来胶州湾典型水文气象要素的变化特征及建桥前后水动力环境等的变化对冬季冰情的影响。结果显示,建桥以来冰情较重的年份冬季气温和年最低气温均处于近30年的低位,重冰期与年最低气温时段相吻合,且以跨海大桥为界,北部海湾结冰现象严重,而南部几乎无结冰。基于区域海洋水动力模型(ECOM)的模拟结果显示,跨海大桥建设可以从几个方面影响胶州湾北部海冰的生消,即大桥建设使胶州湾尤其是大桥北侧的水动力环境弱化,落潮时桥北侧水体堆积,涨潮时桥北侧向陆一侧水位减小;大桥对桥位南北1.5 km周围涨、落潮流场产生影响;流场的变化又使得悬浮物对流扩散和沉积物输运发生改变,大桥北侧局部区域水深变浅。  相似文献   

Boussinesq相位解析的海岸水动力学数学模型研究进展     

张尧  谢欣  陶爱峰  王岗  陈新平  郑金海 《海洋通报》2018,(5):481-493

由于在平衡计算效率和精度上具有优势,Boussinesq相位解析数学模型研究不断取得突破,已成为波浪和水流精细化模拟的较优解析方式,为海岸工程、环境、地质等问题提供了实用和高效的研究手段。本文对已有Boussinesq类模型的研究进行了评述,深入探讨其重要发展、实际应用和理论瓶颈,从高阶非静压修正、GPU准三维高性能算法编译、波浪破碎和泥沙运移沉积等4个方面提出未来可能的科学突破方向。  相似文献   

A multidirectional conditional spectrum     

《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(4):945-965

This paper presents a procedure to generate multidirectional conditional spectra (MDCS) that allow for the characterisation of seismic demands at different angles of incidence. Being conditional on a particular period and its direction of maximum response, it is considered to be a natural evolution of the conditional spectrum to account for the effects of directionality, that is, the variation of seismic demands as a function of the angle of incidence of ground motions, which can have a significant effect on the performance of different kinds of structures. The three main components needed for the generation of MDCS are explained in detail. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted using different sampling methods to assess the effects of incorporating the correlation between demands at different orientations for the same oscillator period, and a novel correlation model is proposed for this purpose. The statistical characteristics of MDCS, their relation with the conditional spectrum, the advantages of the MDCS over previous definitions of orientation‐specific spectra, and prospective future developments are discussed.  相似文献   

Sediment and nutrient storage in a beaver engineered wetland          下载免费PDF全文

Alan Puttock  Hugh A. Graham  Donna Carless  Richard E. Brazier 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(11):2358-2370

Beavers, primarily through the building of dams, can deliver significant geomorphic modifications and result in changes to nutrient and sediment fluxes. Research is required to understand the implications and possible benefits of widespread beaver reintroduction across Europe. This study surveyed sediment depth, extent and carbon/nitrogen content in a sequence of beaver pond and dam structures in South West England, where a pair of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) were introduced to a controlled 1.8 ha site in 2011. Results showed that the 13 beaver ponds subsequently created hold a total of 101.53 ± 16.24 t of sediment, equating to a normalised average of 71.40 ± 39.65 kg m². The ponds also hold 15.90 ± 2.50 t of carbon and 0.91 ± 0.15 t of nitrogen within the accumulated pond sediment. The size of beaver pond appeared to be the main control over sediment storage, with larger ponds holding a greater mass of sediment per unit area. Furthermore, position within the site appeared to play a role with the upper‐middle ponds, nearest to the intensively‐farmed headwaters of the catchment, holding a greater amount of sediment. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations in ponds showed no clear trends, but were significantly higher than in stream bed sediment upstream of the site. We estimate that >70% of sediment in the ponds is sourced from the intensively managed grassland catchment upstream, with the remainder from in situ redistribution by beaver activity. While further research is required into the long‐term storage and nutrient cycling within beaver ponds, results indicate that beaver ponds may help to mitigate the negative off‐site impacts of accelerated soil erosion and diffuse pollution from agriculturally dominated landscapes such as the intensively managed grassland in this study. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

隔震曲线梁桥不同等级地震的振动特性模拟分析          下载免费PDF全文

高菁阳 《地震工程学报》2020,42(3):607-612

曲线桥梁抗震特性模拟分析对于曲线桥梁隔震、减震有着重要意义。基于隔震曲线桥梁设计过程中的特点,通过非线性水平弹簧单元对铅芯橡胶支座双向非线性的能力进行模拟,根据SAP2000科学选择强震观测地震波,并考量曲线桥梁本身存在的特性对桥梁振动特性产生的影响,针对隔震曲线桥梁在不同等级地震下振动特征进行模拟分析,其中,通过隔震曲线桥梁铅芯橡胶支座模型的构建和梁桥不同等级地震计算模型、输入地震波与传感器量测等步骤得到的模拟结果为:不同地震波与加速度峰值输入过程中,地震动较小下的支座水平刚度比较大,且结构相对稳定;地震幅值增大时,桥梁支座水平刚度减小,且支座的恢复力位移滞回变化曲线面积比较大,能够更多地将地震输入能量消散掉,减小能量不断向曲线桥梁上方传递的速度,可有效减轻地震反应,起到隔震的效果。  相似文献   

Evaluation of clayed silt properties on the behavior of hydrate production in South China Sea     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):362-368

Gas hydrate is one kind of potential energy resources that is buried under deep seafloor or frozen areas. The first trial offshore production from the silty reservoir was conducted in the South China Sea by the China Geological Survey (CGS). During this test, there were many unique characteristics different from the sand reservoir, which was believed to be related to the clayed silt physical properties. In this paper, simulation experiments, facilities analysis, and theoretical calculation were used to confirm the hydrate structure, reservoir thermo-physical property, and bond water movement rule. And the behavior of how they affected production efficiency was analyzed. The results showed that: It was reasonable to use the structure I rather than structure II methane hydrate phase equilibrium data to make the production plan; the dissociation heat absorbed by hydrate was large enough to cause hydrate self-protection or reformation depend on the reservoir thermal transfer and gas supply; clayed silt got better thermal conductivity compared to coarse grain, but poor thermal convection especially with hydrate; clayed silt sediment was easy to bond water, but the irreducible water can be exchanged to free water under high production pressure, and the most obvious pressure range of water increment was 1.9–4.9 MPa.  相似文献